Transceiver is a device for signal conversion, which usually refers to optical fiber transceiver. The emergence of optical fiber transceiver converts twisted pair electrical signals and optical signals to each other, ensuring the smooth transmission of data packets between the two networks. At the same time, it expands the transmission distance limit of the network from 100 meters of copper wire to 100 kilometers (single-mode optical fiber). First of all, let's understand what is optical fiber transceiver. Optical fiber transceiver is an Ethernet transmission media conversion unit that exchanges short-distance twisted pair electrical signals and long-distance optical signals. It is also called photoelectric converter in many places. After knowing what is an optical fiber transceiver, let's have a detailed understanding of the working principle and usage of the optical fiber transceiver! Optical fiber transceivers are generally used in the actual network environment where Ethernet cables cannot be covered and optical fibers must be used to extend the transmission distance. At the same time, they also play a great role in helping to connect the last kilometer of optical fiber lines to the metropolitan area network and the outer network. With optical fiber transceiver, it also provides a cheap solution for users who need to upgrade the system from copper wire to optical fiber, and lack funds, manpower or time. The function of optical fiber transceiver is to convert the electrical signal we want to send into optical signal and send it out. At the same time, it can convert the received optical signal into electrical signal and input it to our receiving end. Optical fiber transceivers are generally used in pairs. For example, the optical fiber transceiver (possibly other equipment) in the computer room of the operator (Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom) and the optical fiber transceiver in your home. If you want to build your own LAN with optical fiber transceivers, you must use them in pairs. General optical fiber transceivers, like general switches, can be used after being powered on and plugged in without any configuration. Optical fiber socket, RJ45 crystal head socket. However, we should pay attention to the receiving and sending of optical fibers, one receiving and one sending, and if not, we can exchange them.
Even though electronic components may meet testing standards in terms of basic performance after production, it is common to see some components fail earlier during actual use. Additionally, components that initially demonstrate superior basic performance can sometimes be more prone to failure. These phenomena indicate that basic performance testing alone does not fully reflect the stability and reliability of components over long-term use.Relationship Between Reliability and Basic Performance:The reliability of a component describes its ability to operate stably during continuous use. For example, while some ceramic chip capacitors may exhibit high dielectric breakdown voltages under static conditions, they might show a higher failure rate during accelerated life tests under high thermal loads. This highlights an important point: although the initial technical performance of components is crucial, if their reliability is low, these capabilities cannot be fully utilized.Importance of Reliability:Reliability is not only a critical quality indicator for electronic components but also the foundation for the stable operation of electronic devices. To enhance the overall reliability of devices or systems, it is essential to start with the reliability of each component they comprise. When selecting electronic components, such as chip resistors, chip capacitors, and chip diodes, special attention should be paid to their reliability assessments to ensure the long-term stability and efficiency of the entire system.
Detailed explanation of the main control chip classificationThe main control chip is the core component of the motherboard or hard disk. It is the bridge between various devices and the brain that controls the operation of the devices. In the motherboard, two chips are important. One is Nanqiao chip, which controls the expansion slot, USB interface, serial port, parallel port, 1394 interface, VGA interface, etc. it is mainly responsible for the connection between external interface and internal CPU. The other is Beiqiao chip, which controls the type and model of CPU, bus frequency of motherboard, memory type, capacity, graphics card, etc.3505, low-end chip, 3505 and 3506, 3507 add the function of line-ni to the function of 3502 (commonly known as CD direct recording function), but the music input format is wma format which is inferior to MP3 format. 3502, which is the low price in 35 series, but does not support lithium battery, has high power consumption, and has become one of the mainstream low-end products with low price. 3501 and 3502 have more programs on the market of electronic text reading function of TXT, mainly including the following categories: Philips, SigmaTel, telchips, skyark, Sunplus, Zhuhai torch, etc.philipsPhilips chip solutions represent most of the machines of iRiver (ifp100, 300, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000 series, etc.), a810c, A610, etc. of K & C of Korea, G128, etc. of MSC. The main feature of the products using this series of chip solutions is that the sound quality processing effect belongs to the leading edge of the listed chip solutions (this is also a relative concept, because in addition to the chip, the factors affecting the sound quality also include the chip, related circuits and software processing).But relatively speaking, it is difficult to develop and the cost of the overall scheme is high. Therefore, the use of the series of programs, mainly concentrated in high-end brands.sigmateThe solution of this series of chips should be that domestic machines use more. We are familiar with MSC H128, Patriot moonlight box, and many domestic machines. On the other hand, the representative products using this solution in Korean machines are (listed are domestic brands, the actual original factory is Korean products): JNC ssf70, ssf800 (3420 chips), Samsung 55 (3420 chips). There is also a new Hong Kong brand entering the domestic market: Lauren MP3 series all adopt this scheme (6602, 6603, 6604, 6608, 6620, 6632, 6628, etc.). It is characterized by a high degree of development - at the beginning of the series, the product repair rate is high, has been quite mature, product stability is very high. The product with this scheme has a wider voice range (compared with the domestic decoding scheme), and the product quality is relatively stable. Under the dry environment in the north, the antistatic performance is strong.telechipsOne development trend of this series of chips is that the proportion of Korean machines is particularly high. We are familiar with the following products: K & C km-yf128 / 256, km-c128f, km-101, km102, km103, etc., Dec m550r, Lenovo f860, Zino z700i, MSc pn128, etc. The series of programs are also in constant development. The trend is in South Korea, and its proportion should be very good. And from the actual performance of the product, its function. In the domestic machine, the chip scheme is rarely used, and from the actual performance point of view, the performance of the machine compared with South Korea, there is a relatively large gap. In addition, the machines using this scheme basically have line in function, and the recording performance is relatively mature.skylarkRepresentative products include MPIO fl200 and the "round hanging series" produced by a large number of domestic enterprises. Wma does not support, is a big weakness of it, but the volume can be very small.Actions 2075 and 2085 atj2089 / 2087 (more used in high-end computers).2075 and 2085 are more used in domestic low-end machines, 2085 is USB2 more than 2075. 0 support. Set MP3 player, flash disk function, DVR format file support, AB reread, LCD display function, the sound quality is slightly inferior to sigma Tel, repair higher.SunplusSunplus: spca514a / spca751aThe price is cheap, the domestic low-end machines are used more, the sound quality is average, and the repair rate is low.
More realizable electronic product solution development services1. Always online network service, connected with the Internet at any time, providing convenient conditions for working at home.2. Security: intelligent security can monitor the occurrence of illegal intrusion, fire, gas leakage and emergency call in real time. Once the alarm occurs, the system will automatically send alarm information to the center, and start the relevant electrical appliances to enter the emergency linkage state, so as to achieve active prevention.3. Intelligent control and remote control of household appliances, such as scene setting and remote control of lighting, automatic control and remote control of electrical appliances, etc.4. Interactive intelligent control: the voice control function of smart home appliances can be realized through speech recognition technology; the active action response of smart home can be realized through various active sensors (such as temperature, sound, action, etc.). 5. Environment automatic control. Such as home central air conditioning system.6. Provide a full range of family entertainment. Such as home theater system and home central background music system.7. Modern kitchen environment. Mainly refers to the overall kitchen and bathroom.8. Family information service: manage family information and contact with the property management company of the community.9. Family financial services. Through the network to complete financial and consumer services.10. Automatic maintenance function: intelligent information appliances can automatically download and update drivers and diagnostic programs directly from the manufacturer's service website through the server, so as to realize intelligent fault self diagnosis and automatic expansion of new functions.
How to do project development for electronic product project development companyAccording to the customer's requirements, the system analysis is carried out first, and the software and hardware needed to realize the requirements are studied. Then choose a suitable CPU architecture based on the hardware requirements. Now the mainstream are arm, PPC, x86, MIPs, etc. after selecting the CPU architecture, choose a certain type of CPU development platform according to their own application direction.Then choose a suitable software operating system. Then the product function development is completed on the development platform. After the basic confirmation that the platform can complete the product requirements, the software and hardware development can be carried out. The hardware mainly needs to refer to the information provided by the development platform for corresponding cutting and expansion, select the specific IC model, draw the schematic diagram, PCB, plate making, welding, debugging. Then software development includes development and transplantation, underlying driver, application development and protocol development. Next, debug the equipment to see if it meets the requirement definition. Follow up testing and verification, function, performance, pressure, reliability and other aspects, in the process of software and hardware development also need to consider product testing and verification, while the hardware also needs corresponding testing and verification, such as reliability, high and low temperature, vibration and other state testing. In the process of software and hardware development, we also need to consider the product appearance design and mold development.The solution company has a certain business process when developing products for customers. According to the process of the solution company, customers can roughly understand the stage of the solution and what kind of assistance they will need from customers.
Business process of electronic product solution development1. DemandProducts exist to meet specific needs. In the early stage of development, we must conduct a comprehensive market research and project feasibility analysis. Therefore, after the user puts forward the demand, the professional engineer team of Weike technology will work with the customer to improve the preliminary analysis, functional parameters and technical indicators of the product. Ensure that the developed products fully meet the needs of users and market.2. Project initiationAfter the requirement analysis is completed, Waco technology refines the project function index from the aspects of CPU selection, power management, function module, system transplantation, driver development, mold design, etc., and conducts scheme demonstration and feasibility analysis again. After confirmation, the requirement list will be made by items and submitted to the user for verification.3. Sign the contractAfter the functions and specific indicators of the project are determined, we will quote according to the difficulty of product development, cycle and personnel input. After negotiation, the development contract was signed.4. Design and manufactureAccording to the established scheme, the specific principle design, circuit optimization, PCB wiring, debugging and welding, system transplantation, application testing and other work are carried out. In this process, we will inform the users of the progress regularly and keep full communication with the users. In addition, we will strictly control the purchase of components, PCB manufacturing and welding process to ensure the quality of products. At this stage, we will design several test prototypes.5. Prototype testThe R & D test firstly tests the prototype according to the function index in the contract to ensure that the function meets the requirements. If not, the design shall be modified until the requirements are met. After the function meets the requirements, temperature test, stability test, anti-interference test, reliability test and endurance test are carried out.6. Small batch trial productionSmall batch trial production is carried out after the prototype test is passed. The number of trial production is decided by the customer. This step is mainly to verify the consistency of the product and the reliability of the channel, and to evaluate the production cycle and possible problems in the process of mass production.7. Mass productionFormal mass production in the process of small batch production, if there is no problem, then according to customer demand for formal mass production.
What factors should be considered in the development of electronic product solutions?Industrial computer is mainly used for industrial process measurement, control, data acquisition and other work. The development of IPC should be combined with the characteristics of IPC and consider the following factors:1. ReliabilityIndustrial computer is usually used to control the uninterrupted production process. It is not allowed to shut down for maintenance during operation. Once a failure occurs, it will lead to quality accidents, even production accidents. Therefore, industrial control machines and tools are required to have high reliability, that is to say, there should be many measures to improve safety and reliability, so as to ensure that the average time between failures (MTBF) can reach tens of thousands of hours, and at the same time, shorten the fault repair time (MTTR) as far as possible, so as to achieve high operation efficiency.2. Real timeIndustrial control computer can control and monitor the production process in real time, so it is required to respond to the changes of various parameters of the control object in real time. In case of deviation or failure of process parameters, the industrial control function can respond in time and give an alarm and deal with it in real time. For this reason, industrial computer needs to be equipped with real-time multi task operating system (rtdos).3. AdaptabilityThe environment of industrial field is bad, the electromagnetic interference is serious, and the power supply system is often disturbed by the start-up and stop of equipment with large fluctuation load. The grounding system is complex, and the common mode and series mode interference is large. Therefore, industrial control machines and tools are required to have a strong ability to adapt to the environment, such as high requirements for the range of temperature / humidity changes; the ability to prevent dust, corrosion, vibration and impact; good electromagnetic compatibility, high anti-interference ability and high common mode suppression ability.4. I / O matchingIndustrial control computer should have a variety of process input and output templates, such as analog, switching, pulse, frequency and other input and output templates. It has a variety of signal conditioning functions, such as isolated and non isolated signal conditioning; various thermocouple, thermal resistance signal input conditioning; voltage (V) and current (MA) signal input and output signal conditioning, etc.5. System expansibilityWith the improvement of factory automation level, the control scale is also expanding, so the industrial computer is required to have flexible expansibility.6. System opennessThe industrial computer is required to have an open architecture, that is to say, the open principle should be observed in host interface, network communication, software compatibility and upgrade, so as to facilitate system expansion, connection of different types of computers, and software portability and interchangeability.7. Function of control software packageThe industrial control software package shall have the functions of convenient human-computer interaction, rich pictures, good real-time performance, system configuration and system generation, real-time and historical trend recording and display, real-time alarm and accident recall, etc. Besides the conventional PID (proportional, integral, differential) control algorithm, there should also be some advanced control algorithms, such as fuzzy control, neural network, optimization, self-adaptive, self-tuning algorithm, and online self diagnosis function. At present, continuous control function is often combined with intermittent control function in control software package.8. System communication functionIt has the function of serial communication and network communication. Because of the high real-time requirements, the industrial computer communication network is required to be high-speed, and meet the international standard communication protocols, such as IEEE802.4, IEEE802.3 and so on. With the powerful communication function, IPC can form a larger control system, such as DCS distributed control system, CIMS computer integrated manufacturing system, etc.9. Backup measuresIncluding power supply backup, memory information protection, manual / automatic operation backup, emergency switching device, etc.10. RedundancyIn the occasions with higher reliability requirements, industrial control computer requires dual computer operation and redundant system, including dual control station, dual operation station, dual network communication, dual power supply system, dual power supply, etc., with dual computer switching function, dual computer monitoring software, etc., to ensure the long-term uninterrupted operation of the system.
What is the scheme joint debugging of electronic product scheme development?Scheme joint debugging is a necessary process for testing the correctness and reliability of electronic product scheme development. The design of single-chip microcomputer application scheme is a rather complicated labor process. In the design and production, there are inevitably some local problems or errors. The scheme joint debugging can find out the existing problems and errors, so as to modify them in time. The process of debugging and modification may be repeated for many times, so that the trial operation of the scheme is successful and meets the design requirements.For a complex electronic product scheme development, block debugging should be carried out before scheme joint debugging. When debugging in blocks, first run the program of the module to be tuned with the help of the development scheme (or device), and observe whether the running result is consistent with the expected. If there is a problem or error, the debugging means of the development scheme (or device) should be used to find out the cause of the error or problem and eliminate it, and then run and eliminate it until the expected result is achieved.According to this step, all function modules are debugged one by one. You can also add the module that has been debugged basically correct to the new debugging module to debug together and expand one by one until all debugging is completed. On the basis of the completion of block debugging, it is ready to enter the scheme joint debugging. Firstly, the test program segments written in block debugging are removed, the functional modules are connected as a whole, and a complete application software is organized. Some peripherals are on site, so it is inconvenient to move them to the laboratory for debugging. Simulation measures can be adopted or peripherals are not connected for running debuggingAnd then gradually add. We should focus on the problems exposed only under the overall conditions.After the general debugging is correct, it is necessary to simulate various conditions and harsh environment for trial operation. On this basis, we need to run at full speed for a certain period of time to observe and test the whole scheme, so as to verify whether the function of the application scheme meets the original design requirements and whether it achieves the expected effect. In the process of joint commissioning, it mainly involves software problems, but it may also involve hardware designIn this case, the whole scheme should be considered as a whole.After the joint commissioning, it will take a period of time for the toaster and trial operation, because some hidden problems will be exposed under specific conditions, so the toaster and trial operation are necessary. The toaster should be operated in the real environment.
What are the main considerations in the overall design of electronic product scheme development？The overall design of electronic product scheme development includes the selection of main components and the division and coordination of hardware and software functions. The overall design of the scheme mainly considers the following problems.1. Determine the type of MCUAccording to the complexity, reliability, precision and speed requirements of the electronic product development, the SCM model with reasonable cost performance is selected. There are many types and models of single-chip microcomputer. The products of different models and manufacturers are different in storage capacity, Rom medium, download mode and so on.When selecting the model, we should consider: the performance of the selected model should meet the overall requirements of the scheme, and leave room for later update; the development is convenient, with good development tools and development environment; the market supply (including external expansion parts and devices) is sufficient for a long time; the designers are familiar with the development technology of the model, so as to shorten the development cycle.2. Determine the sensor usedThe selection of sensors is particularly important, because all kinds of sensors used in the industrial measurement and control scheme are still an important bottleneck affecting the performance of the scheme. A reasonable design of industrial measurement and control program often fails to reach the predetermined design index due to the constraints of sensor accuracy and environmental conditions.3. The division of software and hardware functionsThe important feature of SCM application scheme is the close combination of software and hardware. According to the actual situation of the application scheme, the division and cooperation of hardware and software functions are comprehensively considered.
What kinds of IC chips does the main control chip supplier talk aboutIntegrated circuit (IC) is a kind of integrated circuit which is formed by a large number of microelectronic components (transistors, resistors, capacitors, diodes, etc.) on a plastic base to make a chip. At present, almost all the chips we see can be called IC chips.Integrated circuit is a kind of micro electronic device or component. Using a certain process, the transistor, diode, resistor, capacitor, inductor and other components needed in a circuit are interconnected and fabricated on a small or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then packaged in a shell to form a micro structure with the required circuit function; All the components have been integrated in the structure, which makes the electronic components a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption and high reliability. It is represented by the letter "IC" in the circuit. The inventors of integrated circuits are Jack Kilby (silicon-based integrated circuits) and Robert Noyce (germanium based integrated circuits). Nowadays, most of the applications in semiconductor industry are silicon-based integrated circuits.Now the main control chip industry will call the integrated circuit IC chip.What are the types of IC chips（1） Classification by functional structureAccording to their functions and structures, integrated circuits can be divided into analog integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits.Analog integrated circuits are used to generate, amplify and process all kinds of analog signals (signals whose amplitude changes with time). For example, the audio signal of the semiconductor radio, the tape signal of the tape recorder and player, etc.), and the digital integrated circuit is used to generate, amplify and process various digital signals (signals with discrete values in time and amplitude). For example, VCD, DVD playback audio signal and video signal).The basic analog integrated circuits include operational amplifier, multiplier, integrated voltage regulator, timer, signal generator, etc. There are many kinds of digital integrated circuits. Small scale integrated circuits have many kinds of gate circuits, such as NAND gate, not gate, or gate, etc.; medium scale integrated circuits have data selector, encoder, decoder, trigger, counter, register, etc. Large scale or ultra large scale integrated circuits include PLD (programmable logic device) and ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).From the perspective of PLD and ASIC, the difference between components, devices, circuits and systems is no longer very strict. Moreover, PLD device itself is only a hardware carrier, loading different programs can achieve different circuit functions. Therefore, modern devices are no longer pure hardware. Software devices and corresponding software electronics have been widely used in modern electronic design, and their status is becoming more and more important.There are many kinds of circuit components, with the continuous improvement of electronic technology and process level, a large number of new devices continue to appear, the same device also has a variety of packaging forms, such as: chip components are everywhere in modern electronic products. For different environments, the same device has different industrial standards. Domestic components usually have three standards: civil standard, industrial standard and military standard. Different standards lead to different prices. The price of military standard devices may be ten times or even more than that of civil standards. Industry standard is between the two.（2） Classified by manufacturing processIntegrated circuits can be divided into semiconductor integrated circuits and thin film integrated circuits according to the manufacturing process. Thin film integrated circuits are classified into thick film integrated circuits and thin film integrated circuits.（3） Classified according to the level of integrationAccording to scale, integrated circuits are divided into small scale integrated circuits (SSI), medium scale integrated circuits (MSI), large scale integrated circuits (LSI), very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) and very large scale integrated circuits (ULSI).（4） Classification according to conductive typeIntegrated circuits can be divided into bipolar integrated circuits and unipolar integrated circuits.Bipolar integrated circuits have complex manufacturing process and high power consumption. The representative integrated circuits are TTL, ECL, HTL, lst-tl, sttl and so on. Unipolar IC is easy to be made into large-scale integrated circuit because of its simple manufacturing process and low power consumption. The representative IC includes CMOS, NMOS, PMOS and so on.（5） Classification by useIntegrated circuits can be divided into TV integrated circuits according to their uses. Integrated circuits for audio, video disc player, video recorder, computer (microcomputer), electronic organ, communication, camera, remote control, language, alarm and other special integrated circuits.The integrated circuits for TV include line and field scan integrated circuits, middle amplifier integrated circuits, sound integrated circuits, color decoding integrated circuits, AV / TV conversion integrated circuits, switching power supply integrated circuits, remote control integrated circuits, Liyin decoding integrated circuits, picture in picture processing integrated circuits, microprocessor (CPU) integrated circuits, memory integrated circuits, etc.Audio IC includes AM / FM high and medium frequency circuit, stereo decoding circuit, audio preamplifier circuit, audio operational amplifier IC, audio power amplifier IC, surround sound processing IC, level driving IC, electronic volume control IC, delay reverberation IC, electronic switch IC, etc.The integrated circuits for DVD player include system control integrated circuit, video coding integrated circuit, MPEG decoding integrated circuit, audio signal processing integrated circuit, audio effect integrated circuit, RF signal processing integrated circuit, digital signal processing integrated circuit, servo integrated circuit, electric drive integrated circuit, etc.
How to develop intelligent electronic products?1、 Overall design1. Requirement analysis: our R & D engineers will understand and determine the customer's requirements for the development of intelligent electronic products. For example, determine the amount of data to be measured and the number of paths, determine the objects to be controlled and the number of objects.2. Solution Determination: our R & D engineers will determine a better way to solve the demand, such as PLC or SCM. After determining to use SCM, we need to determine whether it is 2051 or 8031 or 8051. Of course, we also need to determine which company's product, ATMEL company or Motorola Company's product. When selecting these, not only the performance of the chip, but also the economic factors and practical value should be considered.2、 Detailed design1. Circuit selection: select the appropriate circuit according to the needs of the environment. For example, when using 8051 to achieve the control purpose, it is necessary to choose whether to use parallel port or serial port output; when driving high-power circuit, it is also necessary to use SCR or relay. These choices should be decided according to the specific environmental conditions and circuit parameters. If the relay is not suitable for use, other methods must be considered. 2. Making circuit board: use Protel software to make schematic diagram first, then package and make PCB, and then make actual circuit board after printing, transfer printing, corrosion, welding and other processes. We will understand some of the procedures in this step after we study Protel next semester.3、 Debugging1. Rough adjustment: use a simple program to debug each function module to see if it can complete the specified task. The main purpose of this step is to see if the circuit is available. For example, the LED should display the corresponding value. If it cannot display normally, the corresponding circuit should be checked.2. Programming and debugging: under the condition of no error in rough debugging, use the compiled program to debug the whole system. When the programming task is very heavy, we should use the program function block combination, adjust the parameters of the function block appropriately to adapt to the current task. In this step of the debugging process, our company will use the programmer, anti truth device and other tools.4、 DocumentDocumentation is very important for a system. It can help examiners understand the uniqueness of the system and increase the interest of others in your system. If the overall design is a good beginning, then a good document is a good ending. Writing documents should be faithful to the original design, we will clarify the design ideas, and let customers understand the benefits of the system.
Electronic product solution development smart home management and control solutions1. Intelligent management and controlElectronic product solution development smart home management method control refers to the housing as a service platform, build both engineering construction, communication network, information appliances, machinery and equipment automation technology, set system software, structure, service items, management methods as one of the high efficiency, comfortable, safe, convenient, environmental protection of the settlement of the natural environment, according to the technology of the Internet of things All kinds of equipment in the home are connected together to show a variety of functions and ways, such as home appliances control, lighting control, curtain cloth control, telephone remote control, indoor and outdoor remote control, anti-theft alarm system, and its programmable controller timing execution control, etc., to help maintain smooth information communication between the home and the outside world, improve everyone's living habits, and assist the family We should arrange our time reasonably to improve the safety factor of our living.2. Lighting socket control, market products in the program is divided into two kindsThe structure of wired control is that the controller is placed in the strong current box, and the switch and the central control host are controlled through the weak current control line respectivelyThe advantage is safety and stabilityThe disadvantages lie in the high requirements of the scheme design, the high requirements of the line erection, and the difficulty of the later expansion and modification.This way is more used in the early development of smart home, which is transformed from industrial control.It is mainly suitable for large-scale commercial places with centralized management by special personnelThe structure of wireless control and wireless control is basically the same as the traditional wiring mode of home decoration. The remote control switch directly controls the light, and the central control host transmits the wireless signal to control the working state of the switch.Advantages: simple installation and wiring, almost no difference compared with the traditional wayDisadvantages: domestic 315 / 433 RF wireless switch, signal coverage and other issuesThe indoor distance is 100 meters, the open distance is 2000 meters, if the villa needs to add signal transfer amplification. ZigBee 2.4G wireless products do not have the above problems, but because the core technology relies on imports, we have not successfully developed similar products. The current 2.4G equipment has a short signal transmission distance (generally 10-30 meters, reliable communication distance 10 meters) and the price is the same as other domestic RF switches. The distance is shorter. I will explain in detail in the following product selection section. 2.4G ZigBee is not for civil use, but for industrial technology and low flow WiFi. However, with the large-scale application of WiFi, ZigBee is not only a hyped concept in China, but also less and less used abroad. Note: both ZigBee and WiFi are based on 802.3. Background music systemBackground music system can be roughly divided into two types, one is central background music, the other is split background musicThe structure of the central background music is similar to the background music in our unit or business place, that is, a power amplifier host is connected with multiple speakers, except that the professional central background music can be controlled by zones, and each zone will have a weak current panel, which can independently control the playing of different music in the zone. The advantages are: good sound quality, wide coverage area, easy to control, unified play, also can play in different areas.The disadvantage is that the circuit is complex and the cost is high, so it is suitable for big houses or customers with higher requirements.The structure of split background music is equivalent to a number of small central background music units, and each area is independent.The utility model has the advantages of simple installation structure, low cost, suitable for regional transformation and small house type.The disadvantage is that the power is limited, the number and power of speakers are limited, and it can't be played uniformly in all areas, but I think it's more suitable for most families.4. Electric curtains, electric doors and windows, etcElectric curtains and doors and windows belong to black electrical appliances, that is, electrical equipment that only needs to control the power on and off and polarity. In terms of control, they belong to a relatively simple type. They only need to lay a good power line and leave the installation site of the controller. The wireless signal connection between the central control host and the controller is OK.5. Security systemSecurity system, can be divided into two basic blocks, 1, is the monitoring video, 2, anti intrusion alarm.There are two kinds of structure: wireless and wired.I personally think that the security system, which is related to safety, has higher requirements than the control system in terms of stability and reliability. Therefore, I recommend the use of wired structure here. In terms of scheme design, I suggest consulting relevant professionals, so I will not elaborate here.In the connection between security system and intelligent host, many customers will choose the intelligent host with security function. I think this way is improper. In fact, security and central control equipment are two concepts. Security is just a subsystem of intelligent control. As long as it is a standard professional intelligent central control host, it can be connected and controlled, and most of the devices with security function on the market The main engine appears because most manufacturers are engaged in security equipment before, which highlights security and weakens intelligent central control. So I suggest giving priority to the intelligent central control system, and then supporting professional security equipment, because professional security equipment in addition to higher requirements, manufacturers will insure the system, so your family property is equivalent to double insurance, that is, protection before something happens, and compensation after something happens.So in the global security industry, rf433 and 315 are widely used, so RF is a technology that has been widely used and verified.6. AV system, generic cabling systemAudio video system is a complex system in the family weak current, and it is also closely related to generic cabling, so I will put them together to explain.In fact, we have been using the AV system. What are the differences between the wiring of the AV system in smart home and ours?First of all, video server can be divided into video editing server integrated and video editing server split, commercial level and household level.In terms of structure, set top box, TV, DVD and computer work independently. In short, the integrated wiring of smart home is to put all the audio-visual equipment together for centralized distribution and management. The benefits are resource sharing, large space for later transformation and expansion, and centralized equipment placement behind the cabinet, which is conducive to fire safety. The TV set is dry and clean, and there is no need to install Set up a TV cabinet to save space. Each TV can switch between set-top box, DVD, computer and monitoring screen by one button. The mode of generic cabling is changed by the above requirements, so I will only explain its characteristics here. If you are interested in purchasing intelligent central control equipment, you can ask the merchant to design the scheme.
The main control chip of the motherboard is generally the north bridge. The south bridge chip is responsible for the communication between the I / O buses, such as PCI bus, USB, LAN, ATA, SATA, audio controller, keyboard controller, real-time clock controller, advanced power management, etc. the north bridge chip is responsible for the connection with the CPU and controlling the memory. The north bridge is an important part of the motherboard chipset, which plays a leading role The name of the chipset is named after the name of the north bridge chip. For example, the north bridge chip of Intel GM45 chipset is G45 and the north bridge chip of X58 series supporting Core i7 processor.The main control chip is the core component of the motherboard or hard disk. It is the bridge between various devices and the brain that controls the operation of the devices. In the motherboard, two chips are important. One is Nanqiao chip, which controls the expansion slot, USB interface, serial port, parallel port, 1394 interface, VGA interface, etc. it is mainly responsible for the connection between external interface and internal CPU. The other is Beiqiao chip, which controls the type and model of CPU, bus frequency of motherboard, memory type, capacity, graphics card, etc. 1. Load and run the operating system (commonly known as firmware);2. Decode all kinds of files, such as txt files, picture files, music files and so on;3. The most important thing is audio decoding. The main control chip decompresses the compressed audio in the player. This belongs to hardware decompression.In addition, there is something called DAC, namely digital to analog converter, which converts the digital signal decompressed in the third point above into analog signal. Many MP3 player's DAC is not independent, but embedded into the main control chip. When we buy, we buy those products that make audio DAC independent, such as Meizu's M6 and M3.
The main control chip is the core component of the motherboard or hard disk. It is the bridge between various devices and the brain that controls the operation of the devices. In the motherboard, two chips are important. One is Nanqiao chip, which controls the expansion slot, USB interface, serial port, parallel port, 1394 interface, VGA interface, etc. it is mainly responsible for the connection between external interface and internal CPU. The other is Beiqiao chip, which controls the type and model of CPU, bus frequency of motherboard, memory type, capacity, graphics card, etc.The main uses of the master chip are as follows: 1. Load and run the operating system (commonly known as firmware);2. Decode all kinds of files, such as txt files, picture files, music files and so on;3. The most important thing is audio decoding. The main control chip decompresses the compressed audio in the player. This belongs to hardware decompression.In addition, there is something called DAC, namely digital to analog converter, which converts the digital signal decompressed in the third point above into analog signal. Many MP3 player's DAC is not independent, but embedded into the main control chip. When we buy, we buy those products that make audio DAC independent, such as Meizu's M6 and M3.
At present, STM32 series of STM32 is the main control chip of UAV with high adoption rate in China. In this regard, STM32 is very smart. It has sponsored the National Undergraduate Electronic Design Competition for a long time. The main control chip of UAV project recommended by the competition is STM32. Students are familiar with its main control platform, and they will naturally choose it when they want to do UAV after work.STM32 series has STM32 F0 / F1 / F2 / F3 / F4 / F7 / l0 / L1 / L4 product series, among which STM32 F4 series is widely used in UAV.Stm32f4 Series MCU based on arm cortex-m4 adopts NVM process of STM semiconductor and art accelerator, and its processing performance reaches 225 DMIPS / 608 coremark when it is executed by flash memory at the working frequency of 180 MHz, which is the high benchmark test score of all microcontroller products based on Cortex-M core so far.Due to the dynamic power adjustment function, the current consumption range of flash memory is 89 μ A / MHz of stm32f410 to 260 μ A / MHz of stm32f439.Stm32f4 series includes eight compatible digital signal controller (DSC) product lines. It is a perfect combination of MCU real-time control function and DSP signal processing functionAdvanced SeriesStm32f469 / 479 – 180 MHz CPU / 225 DMIPS, up to 2 Mb dual area flash memory, with SDRAM and QSPI interface, chrome art accelerator ™ LCD-TFT controller and mpi-dsi interface Stm32f429 / 439 – 180 MHz CPU / 225 DMIPS, up to 2MB dual area flash memory, SDRAM interface, chrome art accelerator ™ And LCD-TFT controllerStm32f427 / 437 – 180 MHz CPU / 225 DMIPS, up to 2 Mb dual area flash memory, SDRAM interface, chrome art accelerator ™ Serial audio interface, higher performance, lower static power consumptionBasic seriesStm32f446 – 180 MHz / 225 DMIPS, up to 512 KB flash, Dual Quad SPI and SDRAM interfaceStm32f407 / 417 – 168 MHz CPU / 210 DMIPS, up to 1MB flash, added Ethernet MAC and camera interfaceStm32f405 / 415 – 168 MHz CPU / 210 DMIPS, up to 1MB flash, advanced connectivity and encryptionBasic seriesStm32f411 – 100 MHz CPU / 125 DMIPS, with excellent power efficiency, larger SRAM and new intelligent DMA, optimized power consumption of data batch processing (dynamic efficiency series with batch acquisition mode)· stm32f410 – 100 MHz CPU / 125 DMIPS, which sets a new milestone for excellent power efficiency performance (89 μ A / MHz and 6 μ a in shutdown mode), adopts new intelligent DMA and optimizes the power consumption of data batch processing (dynamic efficiency in batch acquisition mode) ™ Series), equipped with true random number generator, low power timer and DACStm32f401 – 84 MHz CPU / 105 DMIPS, small size, low cost solution, with good power efficiency (Dynamic Efficiency Series)
In recent years, the business growth rate of tower semi in China ranked first. Qin Lei said that the business in China has been a pivotal position for the company.Although domestic analog chip manufacturers have made great progress, there is still a big gap with foreign manufacturers. At present, the analog chip market is about US $100 billion, accounting for 22% of the global semiconductor market. China's annual demand for Analog IC exceeds 200 billion yuan, accounting for 60% of the global analog IC market, but the domestic rate is less than 15%.Qin Lei told jiwei.com that the development of analog chips in China mainly faces two major pain points: the lack of product performance and the lack of high-end talents."As far as end users are concerned, their choice of analog chips is still a product performance index. At present, there is still a certain gap between the performance of domestic products and the high-end products of international manufacturers. For example, for RF PA products, it is important to compare the efficiency, output power, linearity and other indicators. " Qin Lei said, "the gap in product performance is due to the lack of high-end talents. It is not that there are no talents in China, but there are not too many high-end talents with many years of experience. To do high-end digital chip R & D requires hundreds of R & D engineers, but designing analog chips often requires two or three experienced high-end talents. "It is worth mentioning that some domestic analog chip manufacturers began to choose the IDM mode to debug their own process according to the product requirements, so that the combination of design and process is closer, and the disadvantage of design parameters can be made up by the process.In this regard, Qin Lei said that IDM model does have certain advantages, but now the more successful model of analog chip is fabless. Recently, domestic analog chip listed companies or quasi listed companies are almost fabless enterprises. The division of design and manufacturing is one of the trends in the international semiconductor industry, which can help product companies get rid of the huge investment of wafer production plants and the financial pressure of later plant operation. Of course, compared with digital chip companies, analog chip companies need to maintain closer technical ties with foundry. In view of the OEM needs of analog chip design companies, Qin Lei pointed out that tower semi not only emphasizes the process platform, but also takes the market demand as the guidance, and derives the process optimization for specific application products. Therefore, although it is impossible to customize and adjust the process for all customers, based on many years of cooperation with global leading analog chip fabless enterprises in various product fields, tower semi can also provide customers with professional analog chip OEM capability in line with market demand with standardized process.Qin Lei also said that the product R & D cycle in the analog chip field is very important, and the professional design enablement capability of tower semi can help analog chip design companies quickly launch products, which will help domestic manufacturers enhance product competitiveness and seize market share. Because the simulation of analog chip is more difficult than that of digital chip, the high accuracy of tower semi simulation model and the comprehensiveness of PDK files have been highly recognized by all users, which has played a strong role in the successful trial production of new products. This is also crucial for the breakthrough of domestic analog chip in the market."Generally speaking, 70% of the success of digital chips lies in design, and 30% in the help of process platform. For analog chips, the contribution of process platform is much higher than 30%. " "Although OEM manufacturers like towersemi can help to a certain extent, domestic analog chip manufacturers still need to strengthen themselves in many ways if they want to quickly narrow the gap with large international manufacturers," Qin saidQin Lei stressed that the R & D capability of the company is the key factor to strengthen domestic manufacturers. Analog chip companies must continue to invest in R & D, and try to make the product line complete, instead of relying on one or two products to win the world. At the same time, we should really improve the product performance. The second major factor of reinforcement is deep cooperation with large system manufacturers. First of all, the product performance must be recognized by the system manufacturer, rather than just stay in the demo test results. Large system manufacturers can put forward higher requirements for products from the user end, which can help analog chip companies define new products and quickly improve the comprehensive performance of a product line. In addition, chip companies can continue to get stable orders.
A computer always has a central processing unit, which is the handsome guy called CPU. In fact, there is more than one processor on the computer, but only the processor that is responsible for the main operations produced by Intel, AMD, via and other manufacturers is called "central processing unit". The G200 produced by NVIDIA is just a graphics processor, referred to as GPU, while the innovative emu10kii is called sound processing chip because of its more specific functions.For MP4, it also needs a processor to recognize the response of keys, read data from flash memory, decode it into images and output them to LCD screen. This brother is in charge of everything, so we call it "master chip". The different architecture and frequency of the main control chip determine the decoding ability and function, and there will be some differences in power consumption.The main control chip generally adopts SoC design, which integrates one or more ARM processors and a DSP. Some products even use dual CPU core + hardware 3D acceleration GPU. Of course, there are great differences in the electrical performance of the main controllers of different companies, such as the quality of picture and sound, the requirements for circuit board wiring, the types of memory chips supported, OTG and additional functions, and more importantly, the prices. Basically, the main controller determines the "upper limit" of MP4's playback ability, sound quality and picture quality, and the lower limit is determined by the function of the firmware, that is, the UI. For example, tsb43ab23 is a masterpiece of Ti. Ti's MP4 master is called "Da Vinci" program, chip number tms320dm644x. This is a dual core single chip design product. Taking tms320dm6445 as an example, it integrates a tms320c64 + DSP with a dominant frequency of 600MHz and an arm926 processor with a dominant frequency of 300MHz, so its video decoding ability is good."Da Vinci" supports the playback of 720p H.264, MPEG2 & 4, DivX5 and other encoded video, and has low power consumption. "The disadvantage" is that it is a little expensive. It feels like when you can only afford Pentium 120, someone recommends a multi-functional Pentium MMX166 to you. Blue magic T11 is a high-definition MP4 with TI's "Da Vinci" scheme, while T11 rk is replaced by Rockwell rk2806.The chip manufacturing industry in our country is very strong, and there are still "running" industries, which are enough to go to work. The main controller rk2806 of Hd Mp4 has very good performance. It is also a dual core single chip SoC design, which integrates an arm926ejs with a frequency of 600MHz and a core micro electronics zsp800 DSP with a frequency of 450MHz. Rk2806 is also a master chip produced by 65nm process, which has good power control. In terms of decoding capability, it also supports 720p H.264 with a bit rate of about 20m. Rk2808 is more powerful, and the frequency of DSP is increased to 550MHz. Now many mid with Android system use this master controller.
How to check the main control chip model of U diskUSB flash disk is one of the most commonly used small tools for daily office workers, but there will be some failures in the process of use, such as sometimes the reading and writing speed of USB flash disk becomes slower or other failures, so many users will generally use USB flash disk mass production to repair, and before the mass production of USB flash disk, we must know the model of USB flash disk master chip before the next operation How to check the master chip model of U disk? Wuxi Jingzhe Technology Co., Ltd.1. First, plug in the U disk to be detected, and then run the chip worry free or chip wizard software; 2. In the test results display page, select the relevant information, and then right-click directly to copy to the test information results. In the detected information results, we should pay attention to the chip model information;3. With the model information of the USB flash disk master chip, you can find the mass production tool of the master chip model.This is the way to check the master chip model of the U disk. In many cases, if the software does not match the master chip model of the U disk, it will be impossible to continue mass production of the U disk. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the master chip model of the U disk efficiently and accurately. Users who need to learn it quickly.
What are the main control chips of computerThe main control chip is the core component of the motherboard or hard disk. It is the bridge between various devices and the brain that controls the operation of the devices. In the motherboard, two chips are important. One is Nanqiao chip, which controls the expansion slot, USB interface, serial port, parallel port, 1394 interface, VGA interface, etc. it is mainly responsible for the connection between external interface and internal CPU. The other is Beiqiao chip, which controls the type of CPU, bus frequency of motherboard, memory type, capacity, graphics card, etc.The main control chip of the motherboard is generally the north bridge. The south bridge chip is responsible for the communication between I / O buses, such as PCI bus, USB, LAN, ATA, SATA, audio controller, keyboard controller, real-time clock controller, advanced power management, etc. the north bridge chip is responsible for the communication with CPU North Bridge is an important part of motherboard chipset. Generally speaking, the name of chipset is named after North Bridge chip. For example, the north bridge chip of Intel GM45 chipset is G45, and the new one is the north bridge chip of X58 series supporting Core i7 processor.3505, low-end chip, 3505 and 3506, 3507 add the function of line-ni to the function of 3502 (commonly known as CD direct recording function), but the music input format is wma format which is inferior to MP3 format. 3502, which is the low price in 35 series, but does not support lithium battery, has high power consumption, and has become one of the mainstream low-end products with low price. 3501 and 3502 have more functions than TXT electronic text reading function. At present, the schemes on the market mainly include the following categories: Philips, SigmaTel, telchips, skyark, Sunplus, Zhuhai torch, etc.Philips chip solutions represent most of the machines of iRiver (ifp100, 300, 500, 700, 800, 900, 1000 series, etc.), a810c, A610, etc. of K & C of Korea, G128, etc. of MSC. The main feature of the products using this series of chip solutions is that the sound quality processing effect is currently the leading edge of the listed chip solutions (this is also a relative concept, because in addition to the chip, the factors affecting the sound quality also include the chip, related circuits and software processing).But relatively speaking, it is difficult to develop and the cost of the overall scheme is high. Therefore, the current use of the series of programs, mainly concentrated in high-end brands. Sigmate, the solution of this series of chips, should be used more by domestic machines at present. We are familiar with MSC H128, Patriot moonlight box, until now, there are many domestic machines. On the other hand, the representative products using this solution in Korean machines are (listed are domestic brands, the actual original factory is Korean products): JNC ssf70, ssf800 (3420 chips), Samsung 55 (3420 chips). There is also a new Hong Kong brand entering the domestic market: Lauren MP3 series all adopt this scheme (6602, 6603, 6604, 6608, 6620, 6632, 6628, etc.). It is characterized by a high degree of development at present - at the beginning, the series of products have a high rate of repair, now they are quite mature, and the stability of the products is very high.The product with this scheme has a wider voice range (compared with the domestic decoding scheme), and the product quality is relatively stable. Under the dry environment in the north, the antistatic performance is strong.One of the current trends in the development of this series of chips is that the proportion of machines used in South Korea is particularly high. We are familiar with the following products: K & C km-yf128256, km-c128f, km-101, km102, km103, etc.), Dec m550r, Lenovo f860, Zino z700i, MSc pn128, etc. The series of programs are also in constant development. The current situation is in South Korea, and its proportion should be acceptable. And from the actual performance of the product, its function, in the domestic machine, the use of the chip scheme is very few, and from the actual performance point of view, the performance of the machine compared with South Korea, there is a relatively large gap. In addition, the machines using this scheme basically have line in function, and the recording performance is relatively mature.The representative products of skylirk include MPIO fl200 and the "round hanging series" produced by a large number of domestic enterprises. Wma does not support, is a big weakness of it, but the volume can be very small.Torches, 2075 and 2085 atj2089 / 2087 (much more used in high-end machines).2075 and 2085 are more commonly used in domestic low-end machines, 2085 has more USB2 than 2075. 0 support. Set MP3 player, flash disk function, DVR format file support, AB reread, LCD display function, the sound quality is slightly inferior to sigma Tel, repair higher.Sunplus: spca514a / spca751aThe price is cheap, the domestic low-end machines are used more, the sound quality is average, and the repair rate is low.
SSD core components master chip detailed explanationSolid state hard disk (SSD) is an electronic integrated board composed of main control chip, flash memory granule and buffer unit. In these three pieces, the high cost of procurement is undoubtedly flash memory particles, and the technical content and core technology is the main control of new products.SSD master is essentially a processor, mainly based on ARM architecture, which is similar to mobile phone processor. Some SSD manufacturers use RISC architecture to make them have CPU level computing power.Different architectures, the number of cores / transistors and the frequency are related to the performance of the main controller. It can be said that the quality of a master chip directly determines the actual experience and service life of SSD.So what are the dominant brands in the market?At present, the main brands in the mainstream market are Samsung, Huirong, qunlian and Marvell.Samsung master:Samsung Electronics, as one of the few semiconductor enterprises in the world, has a complete ecological chain of semiconductor design, processing, manufacturing, production and sales. It occupies a place in the field of master chip of solid-state drive, and creatively develops a series of master chips based on Samsung's own firmware.Samsung's main control is mainly corresponding to Samsung's own products, and the products still have quite brilliant performance in cache technology, signal processing, etc.Huirong is in charge of:The main advantage of Huirong technology in SSD master chip is that it can provide a complete set of SSD solutions from master chip to firmware solution, then to circuit board design, flash particle matching and so on. It can also provide customized services according to the individual needs of the purchasers. Jingzhe's one-stop service, for some enterprises in the SSD industry, can greatly solve their practical problems, and can quickly improve production capacity and enter the market.Recently, Huirong technology released a new SSD controller solution. It includes ultra high speed sm2262 for client and enterprise applications, sm2263 for mainstream applications, and sm2263xt DRAM free controller supporting BGA package.Group connection master:Qunlian electronics has been established for 17 years with a market value of over 10 billion. It has strong technical strength. In addition to CPU core, all modules in SSD main control chip are independently researched and developed by qunlian, with a full set of IP technology.It is reported that qunlian will purchase $800 million worth of flash memory particles every year and provide them to customers after making an integrated solution with the master controller. Moreover, qunlian has all the technologies and products of SSD application industry and provided 20 million flash memory to the medical field last year.The chips of group master control, from USB flash disk master control design to SSD master control, are famous for their cost performance. Especially in the early stage of SSD development, group master control occupied most of the brand market with its super cost performance.Marvell master:As a technology-based Fabless Semiconductor R & D company, Marvell has made considerable achievements in chip design, mass storage solutions, mobile and wireless technology, network, consumer products, etc.Specifically, in the field of storage, Marvell is the market leader of data storage solutions, involving consumer market, mobile product market, desktop product market, enterprise market and many other fields.
